The topic seems quite unnatural because if we drop an egg it will break and you have to work to pick it up.
Calcium Carbonate
The outer covering of an egg or the shell has the compound of Calcium Carbonate, CaCo3. It is a hard material that is also used in many substances like Whitewashing a wall, etc.
Ingredients
Vinegar
An egg
A bowl
Procedure
First, you have to put vinegar in the bowl and put the egg in it. Now wait till 5–6 days and keep it submerged till the end. Then remove it and carefully poke it and if it is still hard then repeat the procedure.
If it succeeds then you have a bouncy egg! It will bounce up to a certain height. (So beware)
This topic is also related to chemistry as the previous one. So in this topic, you would be able to know what is the pH scale and what is the use of it?…etc.
pH scale
pH is short for the power of Hydrogen.
It is the measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
The pH of a solution depends upon the concentration of H+ ions (hydrogen ions). Higher the pH, stronger the base and Lower the pH, stronger the acid.
pH Indicators
There are many pH indicators. There are Some natural indicators like China rose, red cabbage, and Litmus paper (most used).
Red litmus paper turns blue when it is exposed to the base and blue litmus paper turns red when exposed to acid.
You may remember it by b(in the litmus paper) to b(in the base) and red equals danger as the acid is quite dangerous.
Effect of pH on the soil.
Plants can’t live in extreme pH and the pH of the soil should be controlled for the satisfactory growth of plants.
pH in nature
Lemon juice tastes sour because it contains citric acid (deficiency of which may cause scurvy) therefore it has a pH lower than 7.
Fun fact: The pH of water is 7 as it does not contain any acid nor base.
The pH of seawater is around 7-8 as it contains salt the pH changes according to it.
The pH of blood is slightly basic.
If the pH in the mouth is not maintained then it may cause the enamel layer of the teeth to decay therefore we use a basic toothpaste to nullify the effect of acid in our mouth.
When an object which is made of iron gets oxidised (gets in contact with oxygen) the object’s colour changes. It will get kinda brown and red and orange.
Rusted iron vs Iron
Corrosion
The process of rusting is called Corrosion. It is also a property of metals. It is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable form such as oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or sulfide. It is the gradual destruction of materials
Do you know: Rust of Copper metal is greenish-blue.
Rust of Copper metal (Cu)
Galvanisation
How to prevent Corrosion, you ask? Just to put a layer of other metal or a substance that prevents the oxygen to react with the main metal.
Paint is an excellent substance to prevent rusting. Painting reduces the contact of water or air to the metal and the metal remains intact for many years.
It is also done by Chrome Plating a metal. It is done by electroplating a thin layer of chromium onto a metal.
Today’s topic is: Why is there a swing to balls in sports?
Introduction
So as the test series is going on…I decided to make a science report about it. This topic is quite interesting because it will clear your concepts of swinging of the ball and more importantly Magnus Effects.
What is Bernoulli’s theorem?
In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli’s principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid’s potential energy. In simpler words, the total mechanical energy of the moving fluid(gas or liquid) comprising the gravitational potential energy of elevation, the energy associated with the fluid pressure and the kinetic energy of the fluid motion, remains constant.
It works according to The law of conservation of energy.
Magnus Effect
This effect is fully related to Bernoulli’s theorem.
This effect happens when there is a spinning object and because of that, there is a difference in air pressure. The difference results in the ball turning towards the spin and that’s why the fast pacers in the cricket bowl swing the ball to confuse the batsman.
There is something in the universe where you would not study physics, why…because physics does not apply to black holes.
Black holes
They are the remains of a dead star that collapsed under its own weight and possesses a great density and gravitational pull.
The first photograph of a Blackhole
Do you know?: The black hole has such great gravitational pull that it doesn’t even let the light pass through it.
Mathematically speaking if you were to compress an object to a certain ratio of its original mass then you have formed a Blackhole! Like if you compress earth to a size of a peanut then you would have a Blackhole.
Event Horizon
There are some special parts of a black hole that have different properties and show a distinct effect on contact with the mass.
The event horizon is the outer part of the black hole where if you enter it then say goodbye to your relatives cause you are not returning from there.
Do you know: As the earth has an escape velocity of 11km/sec the black hole has an escape velocity of more than the speed of light.
Singularity
Do you know noodles? Well, your knowledge of the shape of noodle will give you marks. After a hypothetical fall into the black hole, after you cross the Event horizon(its no turning back,) you reach Singularity where your total density becomes one with that of the black hole you will stretch and be torn apart from the forces, that process is called Spaghettification.
Fun fact: Time in the Blackhole and the earth are different. If we took the time according to the speed of light then time at the event horizon would be late compared to the earth.
The nearest black hole to earth is 1,500 light-years from earth. The name is “The Unicorn”. Its mass is 1/3rd of that of the sun(one of its kind)
The Puzzle
We don’t know how will it be inside the black hole or how does time work inside a black hole. There are many such mind-blowing and boggling questions the humanity does not have answers to.
If you have such questions you want an answer to. So comment down below and I may(100%) write a blog about it.
One of the five sensory organs and the only organ which we can perceive light or which enables us to see the stuff around us. Yes, I am talking about the Eye.
Eye
The human eye is a sense organ that reacts to light and allows vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina are photoreceptor cells that can detect visible light and convey this information to the brain. Eyes signal information that is used by the brain to stimulate the perception of colour, shape, depth, movement, and other features. The eye is part of the sensory nervous system
Rods and cones
Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in lower light better than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells. Rods are usually found concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision. On average, there are approximately 92 million rod cells in the human retina. Rod cells are more sensitive than cone cells and are almost entirely responsible for night vision. However, rods have little role in colour vision, which is the main reason why colours are much less apparent in dim light.
Cone cells, or cones, are photoreceptor cells in the retinas of vertebrate eyes including the human eye. They respond differently to light of different wavelengths and are thus responsible for colour vision, and function best in relatively bright light, as opposed to rod cells, which work better in dim light.
Structure
Humans have two eyes, situated on the left and the right of the face. The eyes sit in bony cavities called the orbits, in the skull. Six extraocular muscles control eye movements. The front visible part of the eye is made up of the whitish sclera, a coloured iris, and the pupil. A thin layer called the conjunctiva sits on top of this. The front part is also called the anterior segment of the eye.
Do you know? The eye is not shaped like a perfect sphere, rather it is a fused two-piece unit, composed of an anterior (front) segment and the posterior (back) segment.
The anterior segment is made up of the cornea, iris and lens. The cornea is transparent and more curved and is linked to the larger posterior segment, composed of the vitreous, retina, and the outer white shell called the sclera. The posterior chamber constitutes the remaining five-sixths; its diameter is typically about 24 mm. The iris is the pigmented circular structure concentrically surrounding the centre of the eye, the pupil, which appears to be black. The size of the pupil, which controls the amount of light entering the eye, is adjusted by the iris’s dilator and sphincter muscles. (Sphincter muscles are also present at the ending of the stomach and start of the duodenum)
Accommodation
Changing the curvature of the lens is carried out by the ciliary muscles surrounding the lens; this process is known as “accommodation”. Accommodation narrows the inner diameter of the ciliary body, which he fibres of the suspensory ligament attached to the periphery of the lens, and also allows the lens to relax into a more convex, or globular, shape. A more convex lens refracts light more strongly and focuses divergent light rays from near objects onto the retina, allowing closer objects to be brought into better focus.
Do you know? The floaters which we sometimes see are inside the eye…they are some fat globules inside the blood vessels that get blocked and are pushed by the blood cells.
Myopia and Hyperopia
People with normal vision can focus clearly on very distant objects. We say their far point is infinity. But there are some defects due to eye irregularities which are Myopia and Hyperopia
Myopia or also called short-sightedness happens when a distant object is formed in front of the retina, not on it. The cause may be ageing or the lens may be more converging than normal. Therefore the people who use glasses with a concave lens or diverging lens, which means they have Myopia.
Hyperopia or Far sighted-ness happens when the image is formed behind the retina. This may occur because the lens is less converging than normal. Therefore the people with Hypermetropia(also called) wear Convex or converging lenses.
Today’s topic is: How to lift 10,000 KG without any hardship.
Introduction
The title looks quite clickbaity but it is worth it.
You must be wondering how to lift 10000 kilos without any difficulty, we all do it from birth or it happens unknowingly.
Atmospheric pressure
This plays a major role with gravity to keep us on the ground. Atmospheric pressure is the pressure within the atmosphere of the earth. Atmospheric pressure is caused by the gravitational attraction of the planet on the atmospheric gases above the surface and is a function of the mass of the planet, the radius of the surface, and the amount and composition of the gases and their vertical distribution in the atmosphere. It is modified by the planetary rotation and local effects such as wind velocity, density variations due to temperature and variations in composition.
It’s unit
The unit of pressure is Pascal(p) and atmospheric pressure is abbreviated as ‘atm‘. We experience 1 atm at sea level. The pressure decreases as the altitude is gained.
Fun fact: Boiling of water varies according to the pressure( lower pressure, lower boiling temperature and same with high pressure) so if you want to cook rice at Himalaya then you would face difficulty with normal heat, therefore you will need a pressure cooker to cook food at higher or lower pressure.
We experience about 10332.27 kg/m^2 at 1atm. So we indirectly have a weight more than that of two Asian Elephants on our body.
Why don’t we crush under this weight?
The weight is enormous but a force from our body nullifies it. The force is blood pressure. The pressure acting upon the body( atmospheric pressure) and the pressure within the body (blood pressure) cancel each other out and we remain intact.
Do you know? In space, there is no atmospheric pressure therefore all the blood pressure acts upon the body and it burst like a tomato. ( but we can still live 40 sec without a spacesuit)
So don’t take too much pressure of work and home cause there are already much pressure upon you!
Today’s topic is: Purification of blood outside the body.
Introduction
There are many vital organs in our body with such functions which help us live without any difficulty. But what if one such organ fails to function? What will be the effect of that on the human body? Let’s find out!
Blood purification
Blood has many impurities which are toxic to the human body and can even be lethal. So to not let this human die of toxins created from his own body two vital organs come to play.
Kidney
This bean-shaped organ has a twin brother just opposite to it and they work together for purifying the blood which contains nitrogenous wastes like urea and uric acid.
Blood purification vs Blood oxygenation
Blood purification and oxygenation are the ends of the same needle. Blood oxygenation happens in the lungs in which blood without oxygen is given oxygen to transport to every cell. (much needed for the body)
But Blood purification happens in the Kidney where the waste produced by metabolism is excreted into the urine.
But what if Blood purification doesn’t happen? The metabolic wastes will accumulate in the bloodstream, providing the cells with toxins, this may even result in fatality.
Hemodialysis
When one out of two kidneys fail, it stops purifying blood therefore a process called Hemodialysis or Haemodialysis or dialysis is used to purify blood outside the body. It functions on the principle of diffusion of solutes through a semipermeable membrane.
Adverse effects
1)Restricts independence, as people undergoing this procedure cannot travel around because of supplies’ availability
2)Requires more supplies such as high water quality and electricity
3) Requires reliable technology like dialysis machines
4)The procedure is complicated and requires caregivers have more knowledge
5)Requires time to set up and clean dialysis machines, and expense with machines and associated staff
Therefore keep your organs healthy with healthy food. Avoid junk food at most!
Today’s topic would be: What is the only measurable thing in the world?
Introduction
We all know our height, weight, numbers and formulae. But what if it told you that these are all fake?
You wouldn’t believe it, right? I would too if I didn’t stumble upon this thought.
What is not measurable?
The answer is Uncountable objects like stars, numbers, etc. But there should be a limit to all things like there is when we reach the finish point.
Then what is that thing which is going on forever, which is existed even before the big bang…even before earth and all the materialistic things came into being.
Time
This (time) started way before and we don’t know when it will end.
We know the three dimensions(1D, 2D and 3D) but Time is also regarded as the fourth dimension. Time is one of the seven fundamental quantities to exist. Time is truth and without time we wouldn’t exist.
We know the saying:
Time is money
This ancient saying has always been the best saying of all time(haha).
Tell me one thing you can do without time. You are born on a specific date and time….you die on a specific date and time(sadly).
All the fundamental laws and principles are based on time. ( how much time does it take to get to a point).
A Case
We all know this special case theory put up by Einstein.
If a spaceship carrying a clock flies through space at (very nearly) the speed of light, its crew does not notice a change in the speed of time onboard their vessel because everything travelling at the same speed slows down at the same rate (including the clock, the crew’s thought processes, and the functions of their bodies). However, to a stationary observer watching the spaceship fly by, the spaceship appears flattened in the direction it is travelling and the clock on board the spaceship appears to move very slowly.
On the other hand, the crew onboard the spaceship also perceives the observer as slowed down and flattened along the spaceship’s direction of travel, because both are moving at very nearly the speed of light relative to each other. Because the outside universe appears flattened to the spaceship, the crew perceives themselves as quickly travelling between regions of space that (to the stationary observer) are many light-years apart. This is reconciled by the fact that the crew’s perception of time is different from the stationary observer; what seems like seconds to the crew might be hundreds of years to the stationary observer. In either case, however, causality remains unchanged: the past is the set of events that can send light signals to an entity and the future is the set of events to which an entity can send light signals.
Science Maniac 